Legal Law

Riot Grrrl style, fashion and self-expression

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Riot Grrrl fashion shaped and influenced young women’s fashion from the 1990s to the present day. Although there was no “uniform” in this movement, certain trends and tendencies carried over from the subculture into the mainstream. This appropriation failed to whitewash clothing politics, and its influence continues unabated today.

To understand this movement, you need to understand something of its predecessors. The punk movement had some feminine and feminist voices, including the Mo-Dettes, Blondie, Lydia Lunch, and the Runaways. However, the movement was always centered on men, and most of the women were groupies (like the much-maligned Nancy Spungen) or businesswomen (like Anya Phillips).

Punk musics tended to be lead singers, like Debbie Harry and Poly Styrene. This led to the perception that girls could not play music and should act primarily as sexual symbols. In the 1990s, young women were fed up with this and wanted to create their own music.

The movement grew out of the college music scene of Olympia, Washington, as well as other areas of the Pacific Northwest. The antecedents of the movement appeared in San Francisco, Vancouver and other cities. Kat Bjelland of Babes in Toyland inspired much of the aesthetics of the movement, although she was never directly involved.

The term was coined by Jen Smith, an early member of the band Bratmobile, when she wrote “This summer is going to be a girlie mutiny” to lead singer Allison Wolfe. Later, the Bratmobile members collaborated with Kathleen Hanna and Tobi Vail to create a zine called Riot Grrrl. The name stuck.

The Riot Grrrl Philosophy

The Riot Grrrl Manifesto emphasized female solidarity, as well as networking with other women and girls to create a women-centered scene. Early magazines such as “Girl Germs” and “Bikini Kill” dealt with traditionally feminist issues, such as domestic violence, rape, and male dominance.
Girl Germs magazine, 1990s.

Unsurprisingly, for a movement started by people in their twenties, the riot grrrl philosophy was enthusiastic and a bit sloppy. In early fanzines, writers like Kathleen Hanna and Allison Wolfe spoke out against racism, sexism, and other -isms, with great outrage, if not consistency. Many articles deal with personal experiences of sexism, as well as explaining what feminism meant to the author.

Part of the movement was against the “anti-selling” atmosphere, purer and colder than you, of punk, and a somewhat similar atmosphere in traditional academic feminism. Although members of the movement claim that there was no set of rules, I cannot find evidence of politically conservative or libertarian gangs in this movement. Rather than rebelling against academic feminism, most members of the movement seemed to accept its dogma, even if the individuals differed on the details or in private.

This philosophy was later adopted by the Spice Girls and diluted into “Girl Power!”, A phrase that occasionally appeared (in one form or another) in Riot Grrrl magazines.

Revolution Grrrl Style now!

Many feminists, then as now, want to be judged on their personality, not their appearance. This does not mean that they walked naked or that they neglected to express themselves. In fact, many third wave feminists rebelled against this aspect of second wave feminism, where looking sexy was seen as a crime. Instead, third wave feminists recognized that wardrobe self-expression, like all other forms of self-expression, could be a powerful political weapon.

What did Revolution Grrrl Style Now! It seems? Well, it seemed like a lot of things. Unlike punks or hippies, the riot grrrls appropriated many elements from other subcultures to create their own unique look. Like I said before, there was no actual uniform. Elements of punk, no wave, post-punk, heavy metal, grunge, kinderwhore, and butch lesbian fashion entered these outfits.

Makeup, if worn, often drew attention to the lips, through a bright red or pink lipstick. Heavy makeup was out of date in the early 90s; Most alt rockers, even goth rockers, opted for a more natural, low-maintenance aesthetic.

Kathleen Hanna, lead singer of Bikini Kill, sometimes wore “slutty” clothes, like Catholic schoolgirl skirts, while writing words like “SLUT” and “INCEST” on her body. According to Hanna, this was to drain the words of their negative connotations, as well as to get ahead of the thoughts of the young people looking at the photos.

Grunge music arose from the same or overlapping scenes in the Pacific Northwest. Some women wore the flannel shirts that were all the rage at the time and the standard uniform for alternative musicians of the nineties: a big black band t-shirt, black pants, and long hair.

Although the creators of kinderwhore fashion weren’t part of the movement (especially Courtney Love, who hated it), it did influence some members. The first Bikini Kill videos show the bassist in a vintage doll dress, complete with a Peter Pan necklace. The main difference, from what I can tell, was that riot grrrl was political, while kinderwhore was more of an art movement and aesthetic.

Some young women deliberately wore immature outfits as a way to reclaim their childhood from sexual abuse or dysfunctional family dynamics.

This article originally appeared in the Enjoy Your Style subcultural section.

Lifestyle Fashion

Dancing Queen

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Looking at the straight jeans tucked into the boots, the long sweaters, the dolman sleeves, the platform shoes, and the disco ball that I recently saw in a store, I knew that the saleswoman, who looked 25 years old, had no idea how. it was life. here in New York City in the late 70’s and 80’s. A young taxi driver treated me like royalty because I told him I had seen “Queen” at a concert and I didn’t dare speak everybody the rock concerts he had gone to, or to tell him that later, he had spent every Friday night dancing in the clubs: Studio 54, Xenon, Ice Palace. I have happy memories of my girlfriend and I getting ready and grooming for Friday night, THE night, OUR night. It took us days to figure out what we would wear, find the perfect belt, shoes, or figure out what we were doing with our hair; we bought Paul Mitchell “SCHPRITZ” (which was actually glue in a plastic pump prayer bottle) by the gallon, so we could go dancing.

When I approach the climber at the gym, my iPod is my teacher and Donna Summer’s “Enough is Enough” is yetEnough to get my blood pumping … If you see me up there, swinging and twirling with movements that would challenge the balance of the average person (my age) … I promise I won’t fall. I can dance, walk and read at the same time.

In the early 80’s I was an aerobics flunkie, and I’m not a runner, I’m more like a pile driver when I run … I even tried pole dancing, but it was like Lucille Ball on marijuana when I approached the elegantly extended El Pole , I got on it and quickly fell, hurting my arm and leg going down. I’m, to say the least, bored of looping, so the treadmill is not for me. Forget turning to nowhere … it can’t be done. But when I’m “taking a step,” that low center of gravity comes in handy. Some mornings you can find me in the gym, quite early, spinning on the machine, with reading glasses placed on my nose and a day of emails, business documents and other things piled up on the floor next to me. Throwing the papers from my high mountain, I make piles of the essentials and the disposable ones. Along with everything that floods my morning mind, it never occurs to me to worry about what anyone who watches this routine might think. Every now and then I blurt out the sound of song pieces and have elicited a few “shut up” from my exercise buddies. But I dont care. I’m not ashamed.

Every once in a while I look in the mirror and think it’s really pathetic or funny or maybe both as I look forward to one more year of my butt defying gravity and I notice that my arms still look pretty good to me. considering that I am a Jewish woman of a certain age. I can’t afford to do what Demi Moore did: I’m stuck on my elbows and knees all my life.

The only images I have of myself dancing as a child were from my father’s 8mm film. There I was in ballet class, the whole class moving to the right and I was moving to the left, finger to nose. My sister became a dancer and I received piano lessons, guitar lessons, art lessons, anything that kept me from dancing, there was a reason for that. and i mean very The young dance partner whispered “I don’t know how to dance like that” (Although he did …) and I replied in a whisper: “I am the Queen of the Dance, I will not let you down …” Nine dances later, they called us John (Travolta) and Olivia (Newton John -) there is something to be said about it, considering that I was absolutely born in a year in which I could have been the mother of my partner. All the women I worked with thought I needed a young guy, so I fulfilled her fantasy.

In 1977, I came to New York to attend NYU. It was a time that never left me. The end of the Vietnam War in 1975 gave license to a generation of dreamers and schemers to do our own thing … Anger and fights ended … Clothes, makeup, hair, music, drugs, The Promiscuity Before AIDS, the Jane Fonda videos, gave some appeal and importance to the new freedom of the day. The dance sanctified it … When I came to New York I was truly a hybrid, part aspiring Jewish American princess, part activist, part hippie / bohemian artist, writer. It was here, through my love of clothes and makeup and my love of dance, that my true identity was born. I was at Bond’s, The Underground, The Limelight, Max ‘Kansas City, and of course Studio and Xenon. If I’m totally cool at all, I am totally great for that. (Well maybe not all that great) this information certainly makes me old by many people’s standards. And yes, Rent and Chorus Line were my favorite works.

Those clubs created a platform for Madonna, Cher, Donna Summer, and a new kind of socializing that, no matter where you went, was about how sexy you could look and how many drugs you could do, and at least get home. the next afternoon. The man in the white suit was “the man …” no tie, a lot of chest, chains and even tattoos. Unlike today’s techno, we had movements and movements were everything. My girlfriend and I practice all of the best moves with each other, and our weekend draws: golden lame, leopard skin, sequined bandeau tops, chunky belts, stretchy halter jumpsuits, and lots of sparkly white glitter shining underneath. lights.

The door guard policies of the time added that last element of excitement: Being turned away at the door would be the total failure of an entire work week. Better to be a pretty and well-dressed model. Disco wear was never acceptable for the day, but for the evening it was the only possible way to be a part of the action, and the baudier, crazy, busty, and gleaming the better. A man’s white satin jacket and medallion that rested on a tanned chest with an open-necked shirt and turned-up collar, now vile and de rigueur, was considered hot.

In those days, “Starbuck” was still just a figment of Charles Dickens’ imagination, an ATM was probably a sex toy, the concept of “Internet” probably lived in the bowels of some underground government cavern. An “i-pod” would have been the definition of something botanical, “Twitter” would certainly be something that describes post-orgasm movements, “Facebook” would have been a magazine, and research was still done in a library. (I had to learn the Dewey Decimal System – WHAT?) If we wanted to “connect” we had to call our friends on a landline, and even wait until the phone was not “busy”. Public telephones were actually a great convenience and not the outdated relics that they are today.

Barnes and Noble had a store in Greeenwich Village. Crazy Eddie on Greenwhich Ave. was the best place to buy a TV in New York City. And the idea of ​​a superstore like Circuit City, Best Buy, or Comp USA (two of which have now failed) were all the conveniences of shopping malls; If you had asked any of us, we would have bet money that you would never have seen one of those in New York City. The subways were dirty and slow, the windows cracked, the walls covered in graffiti and full of the stench of the homeless (now that I think about it, where did all those homeless people go?)

For us who grew up loving the Monkees and Mike Connor in Mannix and thought Isaac Hayes had the sexiest voice on the planet, we cut our long hair in layers and blew it into neatly pulled bonnets with that perfect twist back to give it the Farah Fawcett look. Charlie’s Angels were hot, Brooke Sheilds made her beautiful entrance as nothing stood between her and her “Calvins”. Cher was still the most “slutty” thing there was (when was the last time you heard that word?) In her Bob Macky dresses, Washington Square Park (where I lived) was the center of the drug world and of the whole world as far as I was concerned. Soho was great and where the artists hung out and where we went to shop in the shops and eat in the fancy restaurants.

Sam Shepard was the exciting new young playwright. Stephen Sondheim was doing his thing … Star Wars, The Deer Hunter, Annie Hall and Sophie’s Choice were the Oscar contenders and a young actress named Meryl Streep was being discovered. We didn’t have seven screens in a house, we had one, and even if our televisions were big and bulky and black and white, we all knew where we were when President Kennedy was shot … and we all made sure we had a TV on the day we were released MTV. The first cable systems were transmitted by large antennas: there were no satellites or satellite radio. A walkie talkie was the closest thing to a cell phone any of us could get and those were reserved for skiers or kids. If someone had been sitting next to me in a bar in the mid-seventies and described my life tied to a Blackberry, I would have asked that person what drugs they had in their drink, how could a fruit have given me instant connectivity over all aspects of my drink. life? By the time I graduated from college, Jennifer Beals was the sexiest woman on the planet in Flashdance, in those off the shoulder sweatshirts and leg warmers … and then she was an adult lesbian in the L word … go figure. … type …

I remember my first sushi date and my friend told me about the Wasabi tasting, a trip that would change my life …

Blondie was the hot entry into the punk scene with Max’s former Kansas City waitress Debra Harry, considered one of the sexiest women on the music scene. Debra Harry is now 64 years old. Betsy Johnson is 68 years old and almost mainstream and Patricia Feld dressed the girls from Sex in The City.

Even if I was drinking and getting high and getting sex … I had to go to work every day and yet have a decent work ethic. I can still see how Jane Fonda’s burn contributed to my higher good, as it did in those classic exercise videos. And so when Dancing Queen here, get on those machines, the disco ball might have crashed a long time ago, but I know, despite the fact that I obsess and fantasize about all the body changes that could make any surgeon rich. plastic. , my generation is the richest, the healthiest and the most capable of changing the world … We gave more than 100 billion dollars to charities last year, and that even with all the “threatening” and provoking things anxiety in the world, I’m a part of all goodness. I have NO complaints, and even if I look ridiculous in the gym, I love my i-pod, I love life, and my neighbors who can see me through their windows will tell you: I’m still dancing.

Pets

How to discipline a Staffordshire with ease

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Now that you have your cute new puppy, you will need to learn how to discipline a Staffordshire. The Staffordshire bull terrier is a very popular breed of dog in the United States and the United Kingdom. People love these puppies because they are very intelligent, they are full of energy and they are wonderful with people.

The type of discipline you use to train your staff will make a difference in their personality and disposition. Always use positive reinforcement training with any pet. This type of dog training consists of alternating between praise and treats and is very effective. Staffordshire Bull Terriers are extremely intelligent and willful dogs. You will find that you need a lot of patience and love to care for these dogs. They are eager to please and a bit stubborn when it comes to training, so you will need to be patient and have a sense of determination. Consistent training techniques and repetition are key to any successful dog training.

From the moment you bring your puppy home, you need to start training him. The first essential lesson should be the sit-and-stay commands. You want to train your personal puppy to sit and stay because it is critical to his safety. For every lesson your new puppy learns, lovingly reward him with praise and treats. All dogs love treats and they are a great incentive for a job well done. Dogs also like praise, as your kindness and love are very important to them.

Another important tip on how to discipline a Staffordshire is to know how long the training session will last. Dogs, like children, have very short attention spans, so you’ll want to keep training for 10-15 minutes. You want to keep your staff engaged and avoid any boredom incidents.

Be sure to socialize your staff with other animals and people. They have to become familiar with their environment and their own territory to feel comfortable. Dogs often get nervous if they are not properly socialized as puppies.

Because puppies don’t always understand our language, it’s good to use physical signs, hand signals, and visual cues in your dog’s training technique. To keep your new dog at ease, be sure to create a daily structure for him. They need a set schedule to eat, exercise, and sleep. Many good dog trainers also know that when a dog has a set schedule, he is less likely to exhibit behavior problems.

Real Estate

Top Ten Failures For Sale By Owner

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1. Prices too ambitious An owner’s home is unique and special to him or her. They chose this house above all others, made it their own, lovingly maintained it, and tirelessly updated it. It is natural that, above all others, they overvalue the property as a competitive product in the real estate market. A quick tour of the Zillow.com For Sale by Owner listings highlights this issue where the vast majority of owners value their listing significantly above the Zillow Zestimate. While the Zestimate is not the last word in market analysis, it tends to be very close. Additionally, the data used for a Zestimate reflects homes sold by realtors, as they sell the majority of homes in the U.S. These sales are typically 10% to 18% higher than homes sold by the owner.

2. Don’t update- Often times, decorating a home is perfect for the current owner, even if it was last done years before. Unfortunately, buyers generally expect updated décor, appliances, mechanicals, and exteriors. Otherwise, they devalue the home by the amount they estimate it would cost to make the home look and feel as good as it is today. This amount tends to be more than what the upgrade would actually cost, so it makes sense to get the work done before the home is marketed. If this is not possible, the cost must be taken into account in the sale price. “For the price we ask, they should take it as is.” thought doesn’t fly, they won’t.

3. Lack of commercialization A sign on the lawn and a Craigslist listing is not enough in today’s highly competitive market. Marketing is successful if a buyer had to live under a rock to be unaware of the price. Presentation is equally important. A home must look wonderfully attractive to compete with the professionally photographed and rendered listings typical of today’s real estate agent submissions. A great way to do this is with a flat rate MLS listing. Find out more links at the end of this article.

4. The imaginary buyer The sales capacity of a house can be determined by the size of the group of buyers present for a particular house in a given location for a range of prices – how many buyers are looking for a house like this. Sellers often envision a buyer who would be interested in their listing at the price they want. This phantom buyer probably doesn’t exist, or if he did, he would probably buy something at a more competitive price.

5. Inflexibility Every situation is different. What appears to be the best way to sell is often frustrated or unsuccessful. When this happens, the lack of reassessment and reorientation often renders the process deadlocked. The real estate environment changes slowly and often not in the desired direction.

6. Creative financing Homeowners often receive “creative” offers from prospective buyers who have an unfortunate tendency to fail or cause serious financial harm to the seller. These prospects have often been rejected by property owners represented by real estate agents who know they should not engage in shady deals with unsubstantiated buyers.

7. Don’t rate- Homeowners often accept buyer contracts that are not credible. The result is usually a crash, back to where you started, or litigation. A buyer must be qualified before even viewing the home.

8. Availability- Homeowners must be available 24/7 by phone or email to answer questions about the home and schedule visits at the convenience of qualified buyers. If they have to wait, they will usually see something else.

9. Negotiations Lack of negotiation skills costs salespeople millions of dollars each year in the United States. Homeowners attract willing, willing and able buyers to defend them. These same prospects would have little luck in the small-time sellers represented by Realtor who are highly trained and experienced in negotiations and can spot a wheel dealer from a mile away.

10. Do not consult a Pro- Even if there is some compelling reason not to use a real estate agent to handle the sale professionally, not having one available to avoid devastating situations that can often destroy an otherwise viable sale. The next best person to consult is a real estate attorney; no transaction should be done without either of you; there is too much at stake in the outcome.

Shopping Product Reviews

How to Fix Error 0x039e8474 Sims 3 – Service Initialization Failed (0x039e8474)

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Error 0x039e8474 is a big problem for people who want to play The Sims 3 … but find that they cannot initialize the game due to this error popping up. The problem you are actually seeing is due to the way your computer will not be able to process all the settings and files it requires to run the game, and it can be fixed by making sure the Sims 3 is running properly, as well as Windows is running as well. in a safe way. This tutorial will show you how to fix the errors you are seeing on your system.

What causes error 0x039e8474?

The error you are having is basically due to the way your computer will not be able to process the files and settings it needs to run. The error will normally display in this format:

  • Service initialization error (0x039e8474)

The error is essentially due to your system not being able to read all the files and settings it needs to run, preventing your computer from being able to correctly read all the settings and options you need to play The Sims 3. Typical problems to do that This error being displayed includes the likes that your system has some kind of corrupt / damaged configuration inside, as well as that your Sims 3 game may not work properly.

How to fix error 0x039e8474

The error you are seeing can be caused by a variety of problems, so it is essential that you can first fix any of the problems the game is having and then repair any of the registry errors that could also be inhibiting Windows. The first thing to do is to reinstall Sims 3 on your system (which you can do by removing it from “Start> Control Panel> Add or Remove Programs”). Basically, this will update all the files that the game can use, allowing for a smooth and error-free rejuvenation of the application.

After reinstalling Sims 3, you should also be able to update Windows to make sure it can work much better with the latest software. This can be done by clicking “Start> All Programs> Windows Update” and then updating your computer to the maximum level possible.

Finally, it is recommended that you clean up any of the errors / problems that Windows may have with your registry settings. The registry is a large database that stores all the important files and settings that your computer will use to run, and it is where everything from the desktop background to the most recent emails is saved to keep your computer running extremely smoothly. smooth and reliable. Unfortunately, the registry will continually save your files incorrectly, which will make your computer run much slower and with many errors. Error 0x039e8474 is often caused by registry errors, so you need to repair the problems you are seeing by downloading and running a registry cleaning program.

Sports

MLB pitching decisions are based on assumptions and definitions – headlines

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The accepted assumptions are that all pitchers must have a certain height, and that all starters have the same throwing and inning limitations. Additionally, the definitions of an accepted number of pitches per inning and a “quality start” are metrics that are used throughout the Game, with no evidence of their validity being confirmed.

Yes, today’s athletes are bigger, stronger, and faster, but the beauty of baseball is that none of that matters if a player shows with his performance on the field that he can compete with the best and be the best. Players come in all shapes and sizes, and they prove themselves by doing what they are paid to do; pitchers taking out batters. Please note that the listed heights of the players are as reliable as a Dominican Republic birth certificate. Also, the six inches between your ears are often more important than your physical height.

Who decided that 100 pitches should be the limit, each game, for starting pitchers and total innings, each year, for young pitchers should also be limited to extend their careers? Why have these limitations been so widely accepted without empirical evidence that they actually work? Today, why is throwing a baseball perceived to be the only activity in any sport that is expected to improve by doing less? Order the scouts to find the perfect pitching prototypes and then restrict their ability to improve muscle memory, endurance, and learn their craft, by not pitching. Who thought that, Mork or ET?

A limit of 100 pitches is not a rule, it is not based on facts; instead, it is an absurd assumption. Also, a limited pitch count translates into an assumption that “fewer innings is better.” Some pitchers are well done with 60 pitches; others are simply warming up to 100. We are talking about individuals with many different levels of ability and stamina. Setting an arbitrary number to cover all pitchers in all situations defies all logic. Are the warm-up pitches before each inning a consideration, or pick-off shots, or whistles, or intentional walks, or the intensity of the game situation, or the type of pitches being thrown, fastballs, curves? , sliders, knuckles? , etc.? What about the “wasted” pitches that are called by a catcher when a hitter has two strikes, standing up and putting his glove over his head for one goal? (I hate that) If the batter is expected to swing on that pitch, it tells you what the catcher thinks of his discipline at the plate. If he doesn’t swing, then it’s just a purposeless pitch that brings the pitcher closer to the dreaded 100. Throwing over the hands, well, over the head, no. Why should a pitcher on a pitch count waste pitches? Purpose launch, yes. Waste tone, no. What is the proper combination that should allow a pitcher to exceed the prescribed limit, or is there such a thing? No, there is no suitable combination. Managers will even eliminate starting pitchers before starting another inning if there is only the potential threat of hitting 100 in that inning. A pitcher’s effectiveness, or lack thereof, should tell the manager everything he needs to know about letting him continue or taking him out of a game. Being able to count to 100 shouldn’t be the criteria for pitching decisions.

To strengthen the 100 pitch limit, baseball has also adopted 15 as the number of pitches that is the acceptable goal for starting pitchers to hit each inning. It then follows that after six innings of 15 pitches, a pitcher hits 90 pitches and to pitch in the seventh inning would possibly hit 100, requiring a relief pitcher to enter the game. Since current practice is that relief pitchers should be allowed to start each inning with no runners on base, the only practical solution is for the starting pitcher to be removed from the game and a relief pitcher inserted. This is a very neat formula that results in a “quality start” in six innings having allowed three earned runs, or less. The convenient result is that if the manager relieves the starter, he is happy, because six innings is all that is expected of him, the reliever starts the next inning with no one on base, so he is happy, and whatever happens, the manager can. ” Don’t blame him for following the accepted script, so he’s happy. Win or lose.

There are now 74 pitchers in the Hall of Fame, six of whom were inducted as relievers, leaving 68 starters. Of those starting pitchers, 42 had more Complete Games than Win! There are many other pitchers that had more CG than Victories that are not in the Hall. Even including new recruits and relievers, Hall’s average is still 253 Wins, 259 CGs and a 2.98 ERA. Those stats won’t last much longer, but they illustrate the tremendous difference in what is now expected of a starting pitcher.

Those lower expectations for pitches and innings have resulted in the definition of a “quality start” as mentioned above. Brutal! That definition results in a 4.50 ERA for a nine-inning game, when the average number of runs currently scored per game is lower. Any starting pitcher with a 4.50 ERA will struggle to produce a winning record and stay in a team’s rotation, hardly quality. Also, aren’t Little League games six innings?

In the 1971 book, This great gameOrioles manager Earl Weaver said of their starting pitchers that, “Before the season starts, they’ve developed their arms and legs to a point where either of them will be able to throw 100 to 160 pitches per game from the opening game in “. Wow, up to 160 launches on opening day. He also said: “I try to find four men who can give the club 250 to 300 innings per season. My pitchers like to pitch every four days. That is what they like and it conditions them. They are not happy with any other.” way and not throwing as well if I try to dodge some good opposition. “Wow, again, up to 300 innings with three days off.

To further illustrate the enormous difference between then and now, the 1954 Cleveland Indians won the American League’s 8-team pennant with 111 victories. His starting pitchers had 77 CGs in a 154-game schedule, (50%) with an MLB best team ERA of 2.78 and no designated hitters. The league had 463 CGs. Compare that to the American League in 2016, with 15 teams and a 162-game schedule, which had a grand total of 44 CGs, with the designated. The team’s best ERA was 3.78. Despite all the protests to the contrary, today’s pitching is no better.

The bigger question is how all those starters, back in the day, with all those CGs managed to throw all those 9 innings, without needing a closer, after throwing all those pitches game, after game, after game, with three days off. . and no DH in sight? Magic?